Every ten years our country counts and records it's residents. It is a snapshot of one day, where people reside. In 1860, the census was not always taken on the same day and duplicate entries happened.
The Arbuthnot's were recorded in two different places. Carson, James and son-in-law Stephen are in Gold Hill. And all of the family is recorded in Iowa, including Carson and James. At this time, Samuel and William were in gold country, probably in a very remote area, and were not counted in the Nebraska Territory where they were mining. I've included the Iowa State Census here as well, when all of the Arbuthnots were in Iowa and they had not come to the gold fields yet.
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| 1856 Iowa State Census, Tama County, Iowa |
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| 1860 U. S. Census, Gold Hill Mining District, Nebraska Territory |
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| 1860 U. S. Census, Salt Creek Township, Tama County, Iowa |
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